A Complete Guide to IoT Systems and Standards to Support Secure Data Exchange in 2022
As the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices continues to increase, DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks also occur from time to time. Did you know that 41.6 billion IoT devices are estimated to generate 79.4ZB (zettabytes) of data by 2025? This means it’s time for businesses, consumers, IoT development companies, and other partners to understand IoT processes and trends that can prevent security breaches.
Guide to IoT Protocols and Standards
The IoT protocol is a type of communication that protects and secures data exchange between connected devices.
IoT devices are usually connected to the Internet via an Internet Protocol network. But devices like Bluetooth and RFID allow IoT devices to be connected locally. The power, amount and memory used in these cases are different. IoT protocol (IP) is difficult to coordinate and requires increased memory and power for IoT devices, range is not an issue.
Non-IP networks require less power and memory, but there are many limitations.
For IoT communication protocols or technologies, a combination of IoT protocols and non-IP networks may be considered, depending on the application.
Types of IoT Protocols & Standards in 2022
Internet of Things Protocols and Standards can be broadly classified into two separate categories:
(1) IoT Network Protocol
The IoT Network Protocol is used to connect devices on the network. These are the most common communication methods used on the Internet. Use IoT protocols that allow end-to-end data communication over the network. Below are the various IoT network protocols:
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the best example of IoT protocol. This process forms the basis of network data communication. It is the most commonly used protocol for IoT devices when there is a lot of data to print. But the HTTP protocol is not popular due to its cost, battery life, energy saving and more restrictions.
Additive manufacturing / 3D printing is an application for the HTTP protocol.
It allows computers to be connected to 3D printers on a network to print three-dimensional objects and models of predetermined structures.
LoRaWan (Long Range Wide Area Network)
It is a long range radio technology that provides visible signals under noise. LoRaWan wirelessly connects battery-powered devices to the Internet on private or global networks. This communication system is mainly used in smart cities with millions of devices with low power consumption and memory.
Smart street lighting is a true use of LoRaWan IoT protocol.
Street lights can be connected to LoRa gateways using this method. In turn, the gateway connects to a cloud application that automatically controls the use of the bulbs based on ambient lighting, which will help reduce power consumption throughout the day.
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is one of the most widely used methods for short distance communication. It is a standard IoT protocol for wireless data transfer. This communication system is secure and ideal for long distance, low power, low cost and wireless transmission of electronic devices.
BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) is a low energy Bluetooth protocol that reduces power consumption and plays an important role in connecting IoT devices.
The Bluetooth protocol is generally used for small data exchange in smart devices, smartphones and other mobile devices that do not require high power and memory. Bluetooth is easy to use and tops the list of communication protocols for IoT devices.
Mesh
It can be defined as a group of devices used as a single Wi-Fi network, directly connected in a network topology by several radio nodes, nodes, clients, routers and gateways. Wire, ring, star, mesh, full network, tree and bus are the most popular connection types used between nodes.
ZigBee is a popular network IoT protocol that allows smart IoT devices to work together. It is often used in home automation. ZigBee is best known in the business environment where it is used with many IoT applications that support low data rates over short distances.
City lighting and electricity meter using ZigBee communication protocol, providing low energy consumption. It is also used in security systems and smart homes.
NFC (Near Field Communication)
This is a low cost connection often used to connect electronic devices over short distances (such as 4 cm). NFC networks allow two devices to be directly connected to each other by sending information via electromagnetic waves. The advantages of using this IoT protocol are ease of payment, efficiency and efficiency.
Contactless payments, ID cards and key cards are best practices for the NFC IoT protocol. It is generally designed for contactless data exchange between two electronic devices, providing low connectivity and easy installation.
Wi-Fi
It is one of the most popular IoT protocols used to connect nearby devices in one place via Wi-Fi hotspots or broadcast signals. A WI-FI connection uses multiple radios designed to broadcast data on certain frequencies, such as the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz channels.
Now, the new 6GHz (Wi-Fi 6E) promises to be the most innovative in the last 20 years. It is at the center of this digital transformation that will provide faster and more reliable connections to next-generation devices.
From AR/VR glasses to connected game controllers, smart TVs, smartphones and tablets, computers, digital cameras, cars and drones, smart homes, they all use Wi-Fi networks to connect.
IoT Data Protocols
The IoT Data Protocol is used to connect low-power IoT devices. These IoT systems communicate with external devices without the need for an internet connection. The connection in the IoT data protocol is over wired or cellular networks. Some of the data IoT processes are:
Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
MQTT is one of the most popular protocols for IoT devices to collect data from various electronic devices and enable remote monitoring. It is a recording/broadcast protocol that runs on the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), meaning it supports the exchange of messages over a wireless network.
MQTT is generally used for devices that are inexpensive and require less power and memory. For example, electronic devices, car sensors, smart watches and reading applications.
Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
CoAP is an Internet Utility Protocol for Restricted Devices.
Using this method, the client can send a request to the server and the server can send a response to the client via HTTP. It takes advantage of UDP (User Datagram Protocol) for light use and reduces space usage. The process uses binary EXL (Active XML Exchange) files.
CoAP protocol is mainly used in automation, mobile devices and microcontrollers. The process sends requests to the end of the application (such as a home appliance) and returns a response from the services and resources in the application.
Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP)
AMQP is a software-level protocol for a message-oriented middleware environment that provides routing and queuing. It is used to create reliable peer-to-peer connections and provide data connectivity and security between connected devices and the cloud. AMQP has three different types, namely Exchange, Message Queue and Binding. All three provide secure and complete exchange and storage of messages. It also helps establish a relationship between one language and another.
The AMQP process is mainly used in the financial sector. When the server sends a message, the process follows the message until all messages are sent to the user/destination without error.
Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communication Protocol
It is an open source business protocol designed to enable remote control of IoT devices. The M2M communication protocol is cost-effective and uses general communication. It creates an environment where two systems can communicate and exchange information.
The system supports systems self-monitoring and allows the system to adapt to changing environments.
M2M communication protocol for smart buildings, automated vehicle authentication, vending machines and ATM machines
Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)
XMPP is unique in design. It uses a button to exchange messages in real time. XMPP is flexible and can be integrated with modifications. XMPP was developed using open source XML (Extensible Markup Language) and is used as a status indicator to indicate the presence of a server or device sending or receiving messages.
In addition to instant messaging applications such as Google Chat and WhatsApp, online games, news sites and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
Data Distribution Service (DDS)
It uses XMPP. The standard is used to transfer data in real time, usually running in a distributed environment. DDS runs on the UDP protocol and is architecturally based on the published register design model.
Defense, Aerospace, Industrial IoT, Medical and Automotive are the most important areas where DDS IoT data protocol is used to provide fast, efficient and predictable contact information. The main benefits of using distributed databases are low data connectivity, high reliability and efficient structure.
Z-Wave
It is a wireless IoT communication protocol designed for home devices.
Z-Wave is a low-power RF communications technology that works by transmitting signals in the sub-1GHz frequency band, creating a wireless mesh network that can control up to 232 devices simultaneously.
Home automation products such as light controllers and sensors are the main application of Z-wave technology. The main benefits of using the IoT data protocol in 2021 are less interference, stable connection, high security through encryption, and less interference.
IoT standards and protocols provide a secure environment for data exchange
According to an article published by Forbes, approximately 32,000 smart homes and businesses are at risk of criminal records. Therefore, it is important to explore the potential of IoT protocols and standards. , It can create a safe environment. Using these rules, local gateways and other connected devices can communicate and exchange data with the cloud.
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